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BerichtGeplaatst: 21-06-2018 08:15:26    Onderwerp: With polls Reageren met citaat

LOS ANGELES Women's Yadier Molina Jersey , Oct. 28 (Xinhua) -- A research team has demonstrated for the first time that fish have emotional states triggered by the way they perceive the environmental stimuli.


It's not an easy task to evaluate the animals' emotional state, which is more than a feeling and characterised by behavioural, physiologic, neurologic and genetic changes. In fact, the occurrence of emotions in animals has been under debate.


However, the new finding, detailed recently in Scientific Reports, reveals that the ability to assess emotional stimuli may have a simpler neurologic basis than expected that was conserved throughout animal evolution.


"This is the first time that is shown that fish can trigger physiologic and neuromolecular responses in the central nervous system in response to emotional stimuli based on the significance that stimulus has for the fish," Rui Oliveira, lead researcher at the ISPA - Instituto Universitario, the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia (IGC) and the Champalimaud Research (in Portugal), was quoted as saying in a news release.


Previous studies suggested that some animals, namely primates and other mammals, show emotional states, without knowing if this process is conscious or not.


The research team from Portugal now decided to investigate if fish, "simpler" animals that are more distant from humans in the evolution scale, respond emotionally to stimuli of their environment.


Researchers conducted the test in sea bream after the fish were trained under favourable or adverse conditions that could trigger an emotional state. They observed that fish responded differently to the same stimulus depending on the way they were assessing the stimulus.


The emotional reactions were monitored through the evaluation of interaction or escape behaviours among fish, measuring the levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, and assessing the brain areas that were activated and that are known to be associated with positive and negative emotional states, according to the study.


"The occurrence of the cognitive assessment of an emotional stimulus in fish means that this cognitive capacity may have 'computational' requirements simpler than what has been considered until now, and may have evolved around 375 million years ago," said Oliveira.

Presidential candidate Alexander Van der Bellen, a former leading member of the Greens Party, celebrates on the podium at a party of his supporters in Austria\'s capital Vienna Sunday, Dec. 4, 2016, after the first official results from the Austrian presidential election showed left-leaning candidate Alexander Van der Bellen with what appears to be an unbeatable lead over right-winger Norbert Hofer. (AP PhotoMatthias Schrader)

VIENNA — Left-leaning Alexander Van der Bellen triumphed over his right-wing rival Sunday in the vote for Austria's presidency, a victory welcomed by moderate politicians across Europe as a blow against the populist forces looking to weaken the European Union.


While the Austrian presidency is a mostly symbolic post, it had attracted attention from across Europe as the next possible victory for populists after political outsider Donald Trump's presidential win in the United States and the Brexit vote in Britain.


"What happens here today has relevance for all of Europe," Van der Bellen said he cast his ballot, later noting that his win showed most voters backed his message of "freedom, equality, solidarity."


With all votes except for absentee ballots counted, Van der Bellen had 51.68 percent of the vote to 48.32 percent for Norbert Hofer. But pollsters predicted a final result of 53.3 percent to 46.7 percent in favor of Van der Bellen once the approximately 500,000 absentee ballots were tallied. The final result of Sunday's vote was expected by Tuesday at the latest.


Van der Bellen said the win sends a "message to the capitals of the European Union that one can win elections with high European positions." He said he would work to unite a country deeply split between the moderate liberals who voted for him and supporters of Hofer's anti-immigrant Freedom Party.


Powerful euroskeptic populist politicians facing elections next year in other EU nations shrugged off Hofer's loss as a temporary setback, but the result was greeted with relief and congratulations by mainstream politicians.


French President Francois Hollande said Austrians "made the choice of Europe, and openness." Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel, who heads Germany's center-left Social Democrats, told the Bild newspaper that "a load has been taken off the mind of all of Europe." He called the result "a clear victory for good sense against right-wing populism."


Austrian Chancellor Christian Kern said Van der Bellen "will represent Austria domestically and abroad in an excellent manner" — alluding to fears by establishment politicians that a victory by Hofer, whose anti-immigrant Freedom Party is critical of the 28-nation EU, would hurt Austria's image. Van der Bellen is liberal, left-of-center and pro-EU.


Martin Schulz, the president of the European Parliament, called the victory a defeat for "anti-European, backward-looking populism."


With polls estimating that the two candidates were neck-and-neck ahead of the vote, Van der Bellen's margin of victory was unexpected.


Political scientist Kathrin Stainer Haemmerle told the Austria Press Agency said that despite widespread disenchantment with establishment parties in Austria, the results show "the majority of the population is not looking for radical change."


Still, Van der Bellen's victory presages new possible divisions.


The new Austrian president-elect has said he would refuse to swear in a government led by the Freedom Party. But with the Freedom Party given a good chance of winning the parliamentary election less than two years away, Van der Bellen might be forced to act. Wholesale Authentic Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys Free Shipping Wholesale Authentic Jerseys Wholesale Jerseys For Cheap Wholesale College Jerseys From China Wholesale NFL Jerseys China Wholesale NBA Basketball Jerseys Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap NBA Basketball Jerseys Wholesale College Hockey Jerseys
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